1 00:00:14,769 --> 00:00:15,769 [ MUSIC ] 2 00:00:15,769 --> 00:00:18,199 >> ON DECEMBER 17TH, 1903, TWO BROTHERS FROM 3 00:00:18,199 --> 00:00:21,580 DAYTON, OHIO WOULD ALTER HUMAN HISTORY FOREVER. 4 00:00:21,580 --> 00:00:24,300 ON THAT DAY, WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT FLEW 5 00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:27,610 THEIR WOODEN AND CANVAS MACHINE OFF THE SANDY DUNES IN 6 00:00:27,610 --> 00:00:32,099 KITTYHAWK, NORTH CAROLINA, BECOMING THE FIRST TO FLIGHT. 7 00:00:32,099 --> 00:00:33,860 HEAVY EXPERIMENTATIONS WITH GLIDERS, 8 00:00:33,860 --> 00:00:36,320 LIKE ADVANCEMENTS IN ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES, 9 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:39,680 CONTROLS, AND AERODYNAMICS, PROVIDED A PATHWAY FOR 10 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:44,149 HEAVIER THAN AIRCRAFTS, LIKE THE WRIGHT BROTHERS' FLYER. 11 00:00:44,149 --> 00:00:47,170 BY THE 1930s, AIRSHIPS, WHICH HAVE DOMINATED 12 00:00:47,170 --> 00:00:50,530 THE LONG-DISTANCE FLIGHT, WERE REPLACED BY FLYING BOATS 13 00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:52,850 AND OTHER RUDIMENTARY AIRCRAFTS. 14 00:00:52,850 --> 00:00:56,550 BY THE 1930s AND '40s DEVELOP OF AIRCRAFT 15 00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:59,730 FOR WAR EFFORT, GREATLY ACCELERATED INFUSION 16 00:00:59,730 --> 00:01:04,640 OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO CIVILIAN, GENERAL AVIATION. 17 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:06,850 THIS STREAM OF INNOVATION LED TO THE START OF 18 00:01:06,850 --> 00:01:10,180 THE JET AGE, WHICH WOULD REVOLUTIONIZE BOTH GENERAL 19 00:01:10,180 --> 00:01:13,619 AND MILITARY AVIATION. 20 00:01:13,619 --> 00:01:16,070 LATER IN 20th CENTURY, EVEN MORE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES 21 00:01:16,070 --> 00:01:20,479 LIKE DIGITAL ELECTRONICS WOULD BRING ABOUT FLY-BY-WIRE, 22 00:01:20,479 --> 00:01:24,899 DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROLS, GPS. AND THESE ADVANCEMENTS 23 00:01:24,899 --> 00:01:28,560 EVEN CHANGED THE WAY WE GO ABOUT DESIGNING AIRCRAFTS. 24 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,850 THIS CENTURY HAS BEEN MARKED BY TRANSITIONING TO 25 00:01:31,850 --> 00:01:36,369 LARGE-SCALE, PILOTLESS DRONES, AND FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, 26 00:01:36,369 --> 00:01:39,200 INHERENTLY UNSTABLE AIRCRAFTS SUCH AS HIGHLY-INTEGRATED 27 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:43,600 FLYING WINGS, HAVE BECOME A POSSIBILITY. 28 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:47,799 AND WITH ALL THESE ADVANCEMENTS IN THE PAST 112 YEARS, 29 00:01:47,799 --> 00:01:49,799 WE'RE STILL ONLY SCRATCHING THE SURFACE OF 30 00:01:49,799 --> 00:01:52,350 CAPABILITY AND PERFORMANCE. 31 00:01:52,350 --> 00:01:53,689 BUT WE'RE PAYING A HEAVY PRICE FOR 32 00:01:53,689 --> 00:01:55,490 LAGGING INNOVATION. 33 00:01:55,490 --> 00:01:58,959 WHO HERE HAS TRAVELED BY AIR IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS? 34 00:01:58,959 --> 00:02:00,429 WERE YOU SURPRISED? 35 00:02:00,429 --> 00:02:04,750 BY-BY THE COST AND TIME OF YOUR TRIP? 36 00:02:04,750 --> 00:02:07,640 TODAY WE FIND OURSELVES AT THE DOORSTEP OF YET ANOTHER 37 00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:10,770 REVOLUTIONARY ADVANCEMENT IN AVIATION HISTORY. 38 00:02:10,770 --> 00:02:15,140 THE ELECTRIC OR HYBRID-ELECTRIC AIRCRAFTS. 39 00:02:15,140 --> 00:02:17,670 NASA IS INVESTING IN ELECTRIFIED AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 40 00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:21,270 RESEARCH, OR EAP, AS PART OF ITS PORTFOLIO TO IMPROVE 41 00:02:21,270 --> 00:02:24,680 FUEL EFFICIENCY, EMISSIONS, AND NOISE LEVELS IN 42 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:27,860 COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFTS. 43 00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:31,451 EAP USES ELECTRIC MOTORS TO DRIVE SOME OR ALL OF 44 00:02:31,451 --> 00:02:33,950 THE ENGINES ON AN AIRCRAFT. 45 00:02:33,950 --> 00:02:37,360 THE ENERGY SOURCE FOR THIS SYSTEM CAN BE ELECTRIC, 46 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:40,510 HYBRID, OR TURBOELECTRIC. 47 00:02:40,510 --> 00:02:42,460 NASA IS WORKING ACROSS A RANGE OF MARKETS 48 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:45,980 FROM URBAN AIR MOBILITY TO SUBSONIC TRANSPORT. 49 00:02:45,980 --> 00:02:49,520 EACH MARKET HAS DIFFERENCES IN VEHICLE SIZE, RANGE, 50 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:51,099 AND SPEEDS. 51 00:02:51,099 --> 00:02:54,860 OUR STRATEGY AT NASA IS TO WORK WITH OUR INDUSTRY PARTNERS 52 00:02:54,860 --> 00:02:57,660 TO ENABLE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATE 53 00:02:57,660 --> 00:03:00,790 THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN FLIGHT, AND TRANSFER THE KNOWLEDGE 54 00:03:00,790 --> 00:03:06,690 TO COMMERCIAL SECTOR FOR FUTURE PRODUCTS AND MARKETS. 55 00:03:06,690 --> 00:03:10,760 ONE SUCH EMERGING MARKET IS URBAN AIR MOBILITY, 56 00:03:10,760 --> 00:03:12,960 DEVELOPED THROUGH NASA'S REVOLUTIONARY VERTICAL LIFT 57 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:14,360 TECHNOLOGY PROJECT. 58 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:18,730 URBAN AIR MOBILITY, OR UAM, IS A CONCEPTUAL MARKET THAT 59 00:03:18,730 --> 00:03:22,870 WOULD ENABLE PASSENGER-CARRYING AIR TRANSPORTATION IN AND AROUND 60 00:03:22,870 --> 00:03:24,820 METROPOLITAN AREAS. 61 00:03:24,820 --> 00:03:27,760 THINK OF FLYING UBERS. 62 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:30,540 THESE VEHICLES COULD USE ALL-ELECTRIC OR HYBRID-ELECTRIC 63 00:03:30,540 --> 00:03:36,340 PROPULSION SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING. 64 00:03:36,340 --> 00:03:39,610 THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF NASA'S WORK IN THIS SPACE 65 00:03:39,610 --> 00:03:42,040 IS TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE TOOLS, TECHNOLOGIES, 66 00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:44,700 AND CONCEPTS TO OVERCOME KEY CHALLENGES FOR 67 00:03:44,700 --> 00:03:46,910 VERTICAL LIFT VEHICLES. 68 00:03:46,910 --> 00:03:49,710 A CRITICAL CHALLENGE FOR UAM MARKET GROWTH 69 00:03:49,710 --> 00:03:52,190 IS PUBLIC'S ACCEPTANCE THAT THESE VEHICLES 70 00:03:52,190 --> 00:03:55,510 CAN BE AS SAFE AS COMMERCIAL AIR TRAVEL 71 00:03:55,510 --> 00:03:58,130 OR AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORTATION. 72 00:03:58,130 --> 00:04:02,240 HOWEVER, THE MOST IMMEDIATE IMPACT FROM NASA'S WORK 73 00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:05,930 FOR THE FLYING PUBLIC IS THE REDUCTION IN COST THROUGH 74 00:04:05,930 --> 00:04:09,630 FUEL-BURN IMPROVEMENTS AND LOWER AIRFARE PRICES. 75 00:04:09,630 --> 00:04:13,150 TO PUT THAT IN CONTEXT, LET'S LOOK AT SOME NUMBERS. 76 00:04:13,150 --> 00:04:15,410 THE OVERALL GLOBAL FLEET OF LARGE COMMERCIAL-- 77 00:04:15,410 --> 00:04:20,410 COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTS TOTALED OVER 25,000 IN 2017, 78 00:04:20,410 --> 00:04:25,180 AND IS EXPECTED TO GROW TO 37,000 AIRCRAFT BY 2027. 79 00:04:25,180 --> 00:04:30,490 OUT OF THE 25,000 AIRCRAFT TODAY, NEARLY 60% OF THOSE 80 00:04:30,490 --> 00:04:34,740 ARE NARROW-BODY AIRCRAFT, SMALL, ORIGINAL AIRCRAFTS, 81 00:04:34,740 --> 00:04:37,740 BOTH JET AND TURBOPROPS. 82 00:04:37,740 --> 00:04:40,129 SAVING JUST 10% IN FUEL CONSUMPTION 83 00:04:40,129 --> 00:04:43,629 ACROSS THIS FLEET WOULD YIELD MORE THAN 5 BILLION GALLONS 84 00:04:43,629 --> 00:04:46,740 OF FUEL SAVINGS PER YEAR, AND IS FORECASTED TO SAVE 85 00:04:46,740 --> 00:04:50,930 APPROXIMATELY 10 BILLION GALLONS BY 2040. 86 00:04:50,930 --> 00:04:53,240 WE ALSO HAVE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE REDUCTION 87 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:55,750 INTO CO2 EMISSIONS. 88 00:04:55,750 --> 00:04:57,660 SO HOW DO WE GET THERE? 89 00:04:57,660 --> 00:04:59,939 THE LEADING CONCEPT THAT NASA IS CURRENTLY INVESTIGATING 90 00:04:59,939 --> 00:05:02,189 FOR PARTIALLY TURBOELECTRIC CONFIGURATION IS 91 00:05:02,189 --> 00:05:06,060 SINGLE-AISLE TURBOELECTRIC WITH AFT BOUNDARY-LAYER 92 00:05:06,060 --> 00:05:09,210 PROPULSOR, KNOWN AS STARC-ABL. 93 00:05:09,210 --> 00:05:11,789 THIS CONFIGURATION IS BEING DEVELOPED, ASSUMING ENTRY 94 00:05:11,789 --> 00:05:14,919 INTO SERVICE BY 2035. 95 00:05:14,919 --> 00:05:18,909 IT CONSISTS OF TWO UNDER WING TUBER FANS, WITH GENERATORS, 96 00:05:18,909 --> 00:05:21,469 EXTRACTING POWER FROM TUBER FAN SHAFTS 97 00:05:21,469 --> 00:05:24,080 AND TRANSMITTING IT ELECTRICALLY TO REAR FUSELAGE 98 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,439 BOUNDARY-LAYER INGESTING FAN. 99 00:05:27,439 --> 00:05:30,319 ONE OF THE MAIN SOURCES OF DRAG ON AN AIRCRAFT IS A LAYER 100 00:05:30,319 --> 00:05:32,629 OF SLOW-MOVING AIR THAT BUILDS UP ALONG 101 00:05:32,629 --> 00:05:36,860 THE FUSELAGE AND WINGS KNOWN AS BOUNDARY-LAYER. 102 00:05:36,860 --> 00:05:38,960 BOUNDARY-LAYER CREATES EXTRA DRAG, AND WE BELIEVE 103 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:42,129 WE CAN IMPROVE AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE BY EMBEDDING 104 00:05:42,129 --> 00:05:45,110 ENGINES INTO THE AIRFRAME AND HAVING THOSE ENGINES 105 00:05:45,110 --> 00:05:47,770 CONSUME BOUNDARY-LAYER AIR. 106 00:05:47,770 --> 00:05:50,279 BY INGESTING BOUNDARY-LAYER, THE DRAG IS SIGNIFICANTLY 107 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:53,039 DECREASED, WHICH LEADS TO AN OVERALL IMPROVEMENT 108 00:05:53,039 --> 00:05:56,410 IN AIRCRAFT EFFICIENCY. 109 00:05:56,410 --> 00:05:59,789 RESULTS INDICATE THAT THIS TURBOELECTRIC CONCEPT HAS 110 00:05:59,789 --> 00:06:04,270 AN ECONOMIC FUEL BURN REDUCTION OF 7%, AND EMISSION FUEL-BURN 111 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:10,500 REDUCTION OF 12% COMPARING TO OTHER AIRCRAFT DESIGNS. 112 00:06:10,500 --> 00:06:14,039 SEVERAL YEARS AGO, NASA HAS DEVELOPED AN ADVANCED 113 00:06:14,039 --> 00:06:18,470 AND HIGHLY-INTEGRATED CONCEPT KNOWN AS [ INDISTINCT ] 114 00:06:18,470 --> 00:06:21,969 WHICH EXPLORED FUEL SAVINGS BY COMBINING A BLENDED 115 00:06:21,969 --> 00:06:25,020 WING BODY DESIGN, WITH FULLY TURBOELECTRIC 116 00:06:25,020 --> 00:06:28,210 AND FULLY DISTRIBUTED PROPULSION SYSTEM BASED ON 117 00:06:28,210 --> 00:06:30,089 THE SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRIC MACHINES 118 00:06:30,089 --> 00:06:32,729 AND POWER DISTRIBUTION. 119 00:06:32,729 --> 00:06:34,539 THE FUEL BENEFITS OF THIS CONFIGURATION IS 120 00:06:34,539 --> 00:06:38,889 VERY SIGNIFICANT, ESTIMATED AT NEARLY 70% REDUCTION, 121 00:06:38,889 --> 00:06:43,970 COMPARING TO CONVENTIONAL AIRCRAFTS, SUCH AS BOEING 777. 122 00:06:43,970 --> 00:06:47,289 THIS CONCEPT HAS THE BEST BENEFITS SO FAR STUDIED. 123 00:06:47,289 --> 00:06:50,719 HOWEVER, IT REQUIRES THE MOST AGGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGY 124 00:06:50,719 --> 00:06:53,560 AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT. 125 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:57,069 AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, NASA IS BUILDING ITS FIRST-EVER 126 00:06:57,069 --> 00:07:01,169 ALL-ELECTRIC X-PLANE, X-57 MAXWELL. 127 00:07:01,169 --> 00:07:04,099 THIS DESIGN WILL DEMONSTRATE AN EFFECTIVE INTERACTION 128 00:07:04,099 --> 00:07:06,919 BETWEEN A WING, THE ENGINE PROPELLERS, 129 00:07:06,919 --> 00:07:09,180 AND THE FLIGHT MISSION FLIGHT PATH, WHILE 130 00:07:09,180 --> 00:07:12,419 SIMULTANEOUSLY SOLVING A NUMBER OF CHALLENGING 131 00:07:12,419 --> 00:07:15,270 TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR ELECTRIFIED PROPULSION 132 00:07:15,270 --> 00:07:18,169 IN CREW RATED AIRCRAFTS. 133 00:07:18,169 --> 00:07:19,939 WHILE ELECTRIC MOTORS ARE MORE EFFICIENT 134 00:07:19,939 --> 00:07:22,759 AND FUEL-BURNING ENGINES, THEY PRODUCE A SIGNIFICANT 135 00:07:22,759 --> 00:07:26,389 AMOUNT OF HEAT DURING OPERATION, REQUIRING AN INTEGRATED 136 00:07:26,389 --> 00:07:28,370 THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO BE INCORPORATED 137 00:07:28,370 --> 00:07:29,669 INTO THE DESIGN. 138 00:07:29,669 --> 00:07:33,280 NOW, A COMMON METHOD OF SOLVING SUCH HEAT-RELATED PROBLEMS 139 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:37,610 IS TO EMPLOY AN EMBEDDED, UH, UH, HEAT SINK 140 00:07:37,610 --> 00:07:42,240 OR A LARGE METAL HEAT SINK OR, UH, WATER COOLING SYSTEM. 141 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:44,580 BUT THIS CAN CAUSE A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN WEIGHT, 142 00:07:44,580 --> 00:07:48,789 THUS REDUCING THE BENEFIT GAINED BY ELECTRIC CONVERSION. 143 00:07:48,789 --> 00:07:51,360 ONE SUCH RESEARCH EFFORT TO CONTROL THE HEAT GENERATED 144 00:07:51,360 --> 00:07:55,460 BY THESE SYSTEMS WAS PERFORMED LATE LAST YEAR BY MY TEAM, 145 00:07:55,460 --> 00:07:58,861 WHERE WE DEVELOPED A 98% EFFICIENT, 13 KILOWATT 146 00:07:58,861 --> 00:08:03,259 POWER SYSTEM FOR X-57 HIGH-LIFT PROPULSORS. 147 00:08:03,259 --> 00:08:06,759 WEIGHING ONLY TWO POUNDS AND COMPLETELY AIR-COOLED. 148 00:08:06,759 --> 00:08:10,349 THIS SYSTEM WAS FULLY-QUALIFIED ACROSS THE VARIOUS FACILITIES 149 00:08:10,349 --> 00:08:13,620 AT NASA GLENN IN TEN SHORT MONTHS, 150 00:08:13,620 --> 00:08:16,469 AND WITHIN NEXT TWO YEARS, OUR SYSTEM WILL BE FLYING 151 00:08:16,469 --> 00:08:20,610 ON X-57 FLIGHTS, PROVING THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE 152 00:08:20,610 --> 00:08:26,119 A LIGHTWEIGHT, AIR-COOLED SOLUTION FOR AIRCRAFTS. 153 00:08:26,119 --> 00:08:28,199 IN ORDER TO QUALIFY THE COMPONENTS IN THIS 154 00:08:28,199 --> 00:08:31,789 ELECTRIFIED AIR IN AVIATION, NASA NEEDED TO DEVELOP 155 00:08:31,789 --> 00:08:34,870 CAPABILITY TO TEST AND VERIFY THEM BEFORE 156 00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:37,390 IN-FLIGHT TESTING. 157 00:08:37,390 --> 00:08:39,530 SO WE CONVERTED OUR HYPERSONIC TEST FACILITY 158 00:08:39,530 --> 00:08:43,800 IN PLUMBROOK STATION IN SANDUSKY TO A NASA ELECTRIFIED 159 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:46,910 AIRCRAFT TEST BED, NEAT. 160 00:08:46,910 --> 00:08:50,330 CURRENTLY, THIS STATE OF THE ART FACILITY'S BEING USED TO TEST 161 00:08:50,330 --> 00:08:53,100 FULL-SCALE MEGAWATT POWER TRAINS, WITH AN EYE 162 00:08:53,100 --> 00:08:55,910 TOWARDS INCORPORATING COMPONENT TECHNOLOGIES 163 00:08:55,910 --> 00:08:58,260 INTO AN OVERALL SYSTEM. 164 00:08:58,260 --> 00:09:01,541 THE FACILITY CAN SUPPORT SINGLE-AISLE AIRCRAFT 165 00:09:01,541 --> 00:09:04,830 GEOMETRIES WITH PROPER CABLE LENS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC 166 00:09:04,830 --> 00:09:06,430 INTERFERENCE MITIGATION. 167 00:09:06,430 --> 00:09:10,790 IT CAN SUPPLY POWER FOR UP TO 24 MEGAWATTS. 168 00:09:10,790 --> 00:09:13,570 THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR UP TO 2 MEGAWATTS, 169 00:09:13,570 --> 00:09:16,010 AND IT EVEN CONTAINS AN ALTITUDE CHAMBER THAT CAN 170 00:09:16,010 --> 00:09:19,790 SIMULATE UP TO 120,000 FEET. 171 00:09:19,790 --> 00:09:23,550 ALL ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT CONCEPTS THAT WE'VE SEEN SO FAR 172 00:09:23,550 --> 00:09:26,630 RELY HEAVILY ON ADVANCEMENTS OF COMPONENTS SUCH AS 173 00:09:26,630 --> 00:09:29,400 ADVANCED MOTORS, POWER CONVERTERS, 174 00:09:29,400 --> 00:09:32,280 AND MATERIAL SCIENCE TO NAME A FEW. 175 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:35,500 X-57 WORK IS AN EXAMPLE OF MUCH LARGER RESEARCH PORTFOLIO 176 00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:38,160 WITHIN THE FIELD OF POWER SYSTEMS LEAD BY 177 00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:39,430 NASA GLENN. 178 00:09:39,430 --> 00:09:42,840 OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS, GLENN HAS PIONEERED DESIGNS 179 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:46,570 OF VARIOUS HIGH-POWER DENSITY AND HIGH-EFFICIENT MOTORS 180 00:09:46,570 --> 00:09:50,450 FOR SPACE, AERONAUTICS, MEDICAL, AND TERRESTRIAL 181 00:09:50,450 --> 00:09:52,380 APPLICATIONS. 182 00:09:52,380 --> 00:09:54,630 ALL OUR WORK HAS ALWAYS PUSHED THE BOUNDARIES OF 183 00:09:54,630 --> 00:09:57,020 WHAT'S POSSIBLE, AND OUR NEWEST MOTOR WORK 184 00:09:57,020 --> 00:09:59,580 IS NO DIFFERENT. 185 00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:02,520 NASA GLENN HAS A SMALL IN-HOUSE TEAM THAT IS DEVELOPING 186 00:10:02,520 --> 00:10:05,720 A 1.4 MEGAWATT MOTOR WITH THE PERFORMANCE GOAL 187 00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:11,790 OF 16 KILOWATTS PER KILOGRAM, AND EFFICIENCY GREATER THAN 98%. 188 00:10:11,790 --> 00:10:14,580 THE MOTOR CONTAINS A SELF-COOLED SUPERCONDUCTING 189 00:10:14,580 --> 00:10:17,630 ROTOR, WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE, ALLOWING 190 00:10:17,630 --> 00:10:20,410 THE MOTOR TO ACHIEVE EXCEPTIONAL SPECIFIC 191 00:10:20,410 --> 00:10:23,220 POWER AND EFFICIENCIES, WITHOUT IT HURTING 192 00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:26,060 EXTERNAL COOLING WEIGHT PENALTY, COMMONLY ATTRIBUTED TO 193 00:10:26,060 --> 00:10:28,700 SUPERCONDUCTING MACHINES. 194 00:10:28,700 --> 00:10:33,210 INTEGRATED ROTOR SUPERCONDUCTOR, SPINNING AT 6800 RPM, 195 00:10:33,210 --> 00:10:35,400 FOUR TIMES HIGHER THAN THE STATE OF THE ART, 196 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:37,840 AND WEIGHING ONLY 80 KILOGRAMS. 197 00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:40,960 THIS MOTOR REVOLUTIONIZES THE FIELD OF ADVANCED MOTORS, 198 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:44,390 AND GREATLY INCREASED NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT CONCEPTS 199 00:10:44,390 --> 00:10:48,190 THAT CAN UTILIZE HYBRID ARCHITECTURES. 200 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:51,810 ALL OUR ELECTRIC MOTOR WORK IS ALL DIVERSE IN 201 00:10:51,810 --> 00:10:54,070 SIZE APPLICATIONS AND POWER LEVELS. 202 00:10:54,070 --> 00:10:57,940 AND IT'S, UH, BEYOND, UH, THE WORLD OF AERONAUTICS. 203 00:10:57,940 --> 00:11:01,500 JUST FIVE YEARS AGO, MY TEAM DESIGNED, BUILT, AND DELIVERED 204 00:11:01,500 --> 00:11:03,580 A BICONICAL MOTOR TO UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA'S 205 00:11:03,580 --> 00:11:05,710 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 206 00:11:05,710 --> 00:11:08,270 THIS MOTOR WAS DESIGNED TO HELP CATALYZE ADVANCEMENTS 207 00:11:08,270 --> 00:11:11,630 IN THE FIELD OF CARDIOVASCULAR ASSIST DEVICES, 208 00:11:11,630 --> 00:11:13,810 SUCH AS PACEMAKERS FOR KIDS WHO ARE BORN WITH 209 00:11:13,810 --> 00:11:16,300 A SINGLE-HEART VENTRICLE. 210 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:19,360 THIS MOTOR IS A TINY COMPARISON TO THE ONES IN AIRCRAFT. 211 00:11:19,360 --> 00:11:21,200 JUST TWO INCHES TALL. 212 00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:23,260 AND IT'S POWERED BY A TOTAL OF FIVE WATTS, 213 00:11:23,260 --> 00:11:26,080 SAME POWER AS USB PORTS ON YOUR COMPUTERS. 214 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:29,540 CURRENTLY, OUR DESIGN IS BEING USED TO DEVELOP 215 00:11:29,540 --> 00:11:32,920 A CLINICAL TRIAL VERSION AND HOPEFULLY A VIABLE DEVICE 216 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:36,650 WILL ENTER MARKET WITHIN THE DECADE, SAVING AN ESTIMATED 217 00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:40,280 1500 CHILDREN PER YEAR. 218 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:42,380 ALL GREAT PROGRESS IS ACCOMPANIED WITH 219 00:11:42,380 --> 00:11:43,450 GREAT DIFFICULTY. 220 00:11:43,450 --> 00:11:45,840 IT MUST BE ENTERPRISED AND OVERCOME WITH 221 00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:48,110 ANSWERABLE COURAGE. 222 00:11:48,110 --> 00:11:50,260 IN OUR EFFORTS, WE DON'T UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF 223 00:11:50,260 --> 00:11:52,100 VISION AND DIRECTION. 224 00:11:52,100 --> 00:11:54,760 THESE ARE IRRESISTIBLE FORCES, ABLE TO TRANSFORM WHAT 225 00:11:54,760 --> 00:11:58,490 MIGHT APPEAR TO BE UNCONQUERABLE OBSTACLES. 226 00:11:58,490 --> 00:12:01,610 INTRA-TRAVERSABLE PATHWAYS AND EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES. 227 00:12:01,610 --> 00:12:05,460 I AM DEEPLY HUMBLED TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE PART OF 228 00:12:05,460 --> 00:12:06,810 THIS AMAZING JOURNEY. 229 00:12:06,810 --> 00:12:09,570 THE JOURNEY THAT WILL SURELY CHANGE THE WORLD.